Can a foreigner buy a house in Japan?
Yes. There is no nationality or residency restriction on owning land or buildings, and no minimum stay. Buying property does not grant you a visa, and no amount of property will. What changes with residency is the tax relief you can claim, not your right to buy.
Do I need to be in Japan to complete the purchase?
No, but it costs more. Without a Japanese residence record you cannot produce the usual certificates, so a judicial scrivener prepares a sworn affidavit and translations instead. Budget ¥120,000 to ¥230,000 rather than ¥80,000 to ¥150,000, and expect the paperwork to take longer.
Why is the agent's commission ¥330,000 on a cheap house?
Since July 2024 a property at or under ¥8,000,000 carries a cap of ¥330,000 including consumption tax, and the agent may charge it to the buyer as well as the seller. On a ¥1,000,000 house the ordinary 3% formula would produce ¥99,000; in practice you will be asked for the cap. It is legal, and it is a large part of why cheap houses are not cheap.
What happens if I just leave the house empty?
Land under a home is taxed on one sixth of its value up to 200 m². Since the 2023 amendment to the Vacant Houses Act a municipality can designate a poorly maintained house as 管理不全空家等, and once it issues a formal recommendation that reduction is withdrawn. The land portion reverts to full value, six times the reduced base. An empty house owned from abroad is exactly the case the law was written for.
Is a house built before 1982 a problem?
It changes what you can claim. Buildings dated before 1 January 1982 fall under the old seismic code. Without a conformity certificate, surveyed within two years of purchase, you lose the registration reduction and the used-home deduction entirely. Most akiya worth the name are pre-1982, so this is the normal case, not the exception.
Do I have to pay Japanese tax if I live abroad?
Yes, on the property. You must also appoint a 納税管理人, someone resident in Japan who receives your tax notices and pays on your behalf. This is a legal requirement rather than a convenience. A friend can do it; a firm will charge.
Are these figures good enough to make a decision on?
They are good enough to decide whether to keep looking at a house, and not good enough to sign anything. The assessed value is the weak point: until you have the 固定資産税評価証明書 from the seller, the tax lines are an educated estimate. Ask for it early. It is one sheet of paper and it changes the answer.